ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the preventive effect and mechanism of Wei medicine Kunlun snow chrysanthemum polysac-charides(KSCP)on carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in mice. METHODS:96 mice were randomly divided in-to normal group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),Biphenyl diester dropping pill(positive control,1.5 mg/10 g)and KSCP low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (0.3,0.6,1.2 mg/10 g),16 in each group,with intragastric administration, once a day,for 10 d. Except for normal group,mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected 1%CCl4 rapeseed oil solution to induce liver injury. After 24 h of modeling,the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),tu-mor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 1(IL-1)in serum,levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD) in liver tissue were detected;the liver,spleen indexes were calculated. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed,patho-logical scoring was conducted. The protein expressions of apoptosis-related genes Caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bax in liver tissue were detect-ed. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,levels of ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1 in serum,MDA level in liver tissue and liver, spleen indexes in model group were obviously increased(P<0.01);SOD level in liver tissue was decreased(P<0.01);pathologi-cal changes in hepatocellular necrosis,degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration,and pathological score in model group was obviously increased(P<0.01);caspase-3 protein expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio in liver tissue in model group were obviously de-creased (P<0.01). Compared with model group,above-mentioned indexes in each administration group were obviously improved (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:KSCP has certain preventive effect on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice,and its mechanism may be associated with anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation and regulation of apoptosis-related protein expressions.
ABSTRACT
High-affinity α-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from Cichorium glundulosum Boiss.et Hout seed (CGS) extract by ultra-filtration affinity-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) and molecular docking.By taking 4-nitrobenzene-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate and acarbose as positive control to evaluate the inhibitory activity of CGS extract, IC50 of acarbose and CGS extract were 0.003 mg/mL and 0.447 mg/mL, respectively.Meanwhile, 4 compounds from CGS extract by UF-LC-MS were screened and identified.Then by using autodock software, the compounds that combined with α-glucosidase were well screened out, including chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A.The inhibitory activity of chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid A against α-glucosidase was verified in vitro.The results showed that the inhibitory activity of the compounds toward α-glucosidase presented the sequence of acarbose>isochlorogenic acid A>chlorogenic acid.The inhibition rate of isochlorogenic acid A was close to acarbose.The experimental results illustrated that UF-LC-MS and molecular docking could be used to screen high affinity enzyme inhibitors from CGS.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Wei medicine Cichorium glandulosum 95% eth-anol extract(CG-I)on immunological liver injury in mice,and provide reference for post-screening its effective site. METHODS:60 mice were randomly divided into blank control group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),positive control group(Di-ammonium glycyrrhizinate,100 mg/kg) and CG-I high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups (calculated by crude drugs as 200, 100,50 g/kg),10 in each group,intragastrically administrated once every day,for 10 d. After 1 h of last administration,except for blank control group,mice in other groups were intravenously injected Con-A in tail to induce immunological liver injury. After 8 h of modeling,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interferon γ(IFN-γ),interleukin 1β(IL-1β)contents in serum were detected;liver and spleen indexes were calculated. The pathological changes in liver tissue were observed,and aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in liver tissue were detected. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,TNF-α, IFN-γ,IL-1β contents in serum in model group were significantly increased;liver,spleen indexes and AST,ALT,GST,AKP, T-SOD levels in liver tissue were significantly increased;and MDA level in liver tissue was significantly reduced,with statistical significances(P<0.05 or P<0.01);liver of mice in model group was cluttered,showing swelling,necrosis and other diseases in liver cells. Compared with model group, except that AST, ALT,AKP levels in liver tissue in CG-I low-dose group and MDA, IFN-γ contents in serum in CG-I medium-dose, low-dose groups had no significant decrease, other indexes were significantly improved (P<0.05 or P<0.01);and patho-logical changes in liver tissue were relieved to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS:CG-I shows protective effect on Con-A-in-duced immunological liver injury in mice,especially the high dose and medium dose. The mechanism may be associated with its an-ti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyse distribution and antibacterial resistance of common pathogenic bacteria of clinical infectious diseases and provide scientific basis for the treatment of infectious diseases ,rational use of antibacterial agents and nosocomial infec‐tion control .Methods The distribution and antibacterial resistance of common pathogens clinically isolated from inpatients and out‐patients from August 2012 to July 2013 were analyzed .Bacterial identification and drug susceptibility test were carried out by using MicroScan WorkAway 40 automated bacterial identification and drug‐susceptibility analyzer ,and the results of drug susceptibility test were analysed by using the WHONET5 .5 software .Results A total of 1 434 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated ,and gram‐negative bacteria ,gram‐positive bacteria and other pathogenic bacteria accounted for 53 .8% ,28 .1% and 18 .1% respectively . The detection rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 31 .6% and 57 .4% respectively .No strains of vancomycin‐resistant Staphylococcus were found ,while strains of vancomycin‐resist‐ant Enterococcus faecium accounted for 8 .8% .The detection rate of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 47 .2% and 12 .2% respectively .Isolates of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus faecium were sensi‐tive to vancomycin ,linezolid and moxifloxacin ,and the resistance rates were less than 10 .0% .While isolates of Staphylococcus were resistant to the penicillin ,macrolides ,quinolones ,tetracycline ,cephalosporin ,and the resistance rates were more than 30 .0% .Most isolates of gram‐negative bacteria were sensitive to ertapenem ,imipenem ,amikacin ,meropenem ,piperacillin/tazobactam ,ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and levofloxacin ,and the resistance rates were less than 10 .0% .Conclusion It is necessary to enhance monitoring of distribution and antibacterial resistance of pathogenic bacteria ,so as to provide references for guiding rational use of antibacterial a‐gents in different departments .
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of caffeic acid tetramers cat and salvianolic acid B in Compound zicao granule. METHODS:YMC-Pack ODS-A C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column was used with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.5% phosphoric acid (40 ∶ 60) and flow rate set at 1.0 mL?min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 252 nm and column temperature was set at room temperature. The injection volume was 10 ?L. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 0.065～1.82 ?g for caffeic acid tetramers cat(r=0.999 6) and 0.205～5.74 ?g for salnianolic acid B (r=0.999 7).The average rec-overies of caffeic acid tetramer and salnianolic acid B were 98.72%(RSD=3.27%,n=9)and 101.39%(RSD=1.81%,n=9),resp-ectively. CONCLUSION:The method is simple,reliable,stable and reproducible for quality control of Compound zicao granule.